D: Replicating pattern.

Unfortunately this definition includes many things which most of us do not accept are living, including crystals, fire, computer programs and funny jokes (memes).

Another definition closer to our notions of 'cells and sex' may be more pleasing for some

D: Replicating pattern based on DNA.

But this opens us up to problems - what if we were visited by bug-eyed, but intelligent, beings from other parts of the universe, and after communicating with them for some time discovered that they did not have DNA? Would we change our assessment of whether they were living or change our definition of life?

See