The fundamental difference between science and religion is that science is not a belief set.
Science is a process, which builds up a body of knowledge which undergoes continual change. There are many beliefs which are labeled as scientific beliefs, such an the existence of atoms, evolution and so on, but these are not what science is. If extra information became available which disproved those beliefs, then they would be thrown out and possibly replaced with others, and this would still be science (though many scientists may have egg on their faces).
On the other hand if proof were suddenly found of the non-existence of God, then people would change their beliefs, but the new beliefs would not be Christianity, Islam or any other religion which believes in God.
Proof of the non-existence of God would destroy many religions. On the other hand, positive proof of the existence of God would not destroy science. This would just be another fact added to the body of scientific knowledge. Hence science and religion are not opposing views, just different views.
Many religious people do not understand this and try to discredit science by discrediting famous scientists. Charles Darwin is probably the scientist most vilified by the religious fraternity. What they don't recognize is that discrediting him will not discredit his ideas. Proving that Charles Darwin was a devil worshiping pedophile would not discredit the theory of evolution. On the other hand proving that Jesus Christ was a devil worshiping pedophile would seriously affect the credibility of Christianity.
Further, the favorite tool of science is Occam's Razor, which is used to simplify theories.
Science is not really about truth. It is about creating models which explain and predict behavior. This in turns allows us to accomplish very powerful things - mostly technological things, but it also provides powerful clues to serious questions people want answered, such as the origins of life, death and emotional desire.
The saddest thing about science is that people use it as a religion. For many people science is their religion, because they feel the need to believe in something. However, the true scientist believes in almost nothing except the process.
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